Showing posts with label Late Quaternary. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Late Quaternary. Show all posts

Sunday, October 11, 2020

Our new paper on Greater Antillean land mammal extinctions is published!

With great pleasure (and relief after nearly a decade of research) here I announce the publication of our paper Assessing the role of humans in Greater Antillean land vertebrate extinctions: New insights from Cuba on the journal Quaternary Science Review. Also, here is a link for its free download to all parties interested, in the next fifty days. 

I take this opportunity to thank all the coauthors of this paper, Ángelo Soto Centeno, Lázaro W. Viñola, Osvaldo Jiménez, Odlanyer Hernández de Lara, Logel Lorenzo, and Alexis Mychajliw – all respected specialists in their fields – for their significant contribution and participation in making this dream come true. Thank you. 

Here is a brief abstract: 

The Caribbean archipelago is a hotspot of biodiversity characterized by a high rate of extinction. Recent studies have examined these losses, but the causes of the Antillean Late Quaternary vertebrate extinctions, and especially the role of humans, are still unclear. Previous results provide support for climate-related and human-induced extinctions, but often downplaying other complex bio-ecological factors that are difficult to model or to detect from the fossil and archaeological record. Here, we discuss Caribbean vertebrate extinctions and the potential role of humans derived from new and existing fossil and archaeological data from Cuba. Our results indicate that losses of Cuba’s native fauna occurred in waves: one during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene, a second during the middle Holocene, and a third one during the last 2 thousand years, combining the arrival of agroceramists and later of Europeans. The coexistence of now-extinct species with multiple cultural groups in Cuba for over 4 thousand years implies that Cuban indigenous non-ceramic cultures exerted far fewer extinction pressures to native fauna than the later agroceramists and Europeans that followed. This suggests a determinant value to increased technological sophistication and demographics as plausible effective extinction drivers. Beyond looking at dates of first human arrival alone, future studies should also consider cultural diversity with attention to different bioecological factors that influence these biodiversity changes. 

Highlights

Cuban land mammal extinctions occurred in several waves after the middle Holocene, most intensively during the last 2000 thousand years

Cuba lost nearly half of its land mammal fauna during the late Amerindian subinterval (< 1500 thousand years)

Most important extinction episodes occurred after the arrival of agroceramist cultures, and later, Europeans

Cultural diversity, demographics, technological sophistication, and naturally occurring factors must be considered in human-induced extinction models

Future extinction models must consider the complex and concomitant combination of bioecological and climatological factors


[in Spanish]

Con gran gusto – y después de casi una década de investigación – anunciamos la publicación de nuestro artículo “Assessing the role of humans in Greater Antillean land vertebrate extinctions: New insights from Cuba” (Evaluación del papel de los seres humanos en la extinción de vertebrados terrestres de las Grandes Antillas: nuevas perspectivas desde Cuba) en la prestigiosa revista Quaternary Science Review. Aprovechen y compártanlo con los amigos y colegas que les interesen estos temas. Tomo este momento para agradecerle a los coautores Ángelo Soto Centeno, Lázaro W. Viñola, Osvaldo Jiménez, Odlanyer Hernández de Lara, Logel Lorenzo y Alexis Mychajliw por su arduo trabajo y participación en hacer este sueño realidad.

Resumen del trabajo:

El archipiélago caribeño es un “punto caliente” de biodiversidad caracterizado por una alta tasa de extinción. Los estudios recientes han examinado estas pérdidas, pero las causas de las extinciones de vertebrados del Cuaternario tardío de las Antillas, y especialmente el rol de los seres humanos, aún no están claros. Los resultados anteriores brindan apoyo a las extinciones inducidas por el hombre, pero a menudo se minimiza otros factores bioecológicos que son difíciles de modelar o detectar a partir del registro arqueológico o fósil. Aquí discutimos las extinciones de vertebrados en las Antillas Mayores y el papel que han jugado los humanos en las extinciones más recientes desde la perspectiva de datos arqueológicos y paleontológicos de Cuba. Nuestros resultados apoyan la hipótesis de que las pérdidas de la fauna nativa de Cuba ocurrieron en ondas: una durante el Pleistoceno tardío y el Holoceno temprano, una segunda durante el Holoceno medio, y una tercera durante los últimos 2 mil años. Estos dos milenios resultan ser los más importantes, combinando la llegada de los agroceramistas y luego de los europeos como importantes golpes a la fauna. La coexistencia de especies ahora extintas con múltiples grupos culturales en Cuba por más de 4 mil años implica que las culturas indígenas no-ceramistas ejercieron menos presiones de extinción sobre la fauna nativa que las agroceramistas y los europeos que siguieron. Esto sugiere un valor determinante para la sofisticación tecnológica y la demografía vías importantes de extinción. Más allá de mirar las fechas de la primera llegada humana, los estudios futuros también deben considerar la diversidad cultural y atención a diferentes factores bioecológicos que influyen en los cambios de biodiversidad.

Recommended citation:

Orihuela, J., Viñola, L.W., Jiménez Vázquez, O., Mychajliw, A., Hernández de Lara, O., Lorenzo, L. and, Soto-Centeno, J. A. (2020a). Assessing the role of humans on Greater Antillean land vertebrate extinctions: new insights from Cuba. Quaternary Science Reviews, 249: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106597



Thursday, August 16, 2018

Updated list of Cuba’s extinct birds

Cuba had a former, richly diverse bird fauna, most of which is today extinct. In recent years, the known species have seen revisions, additions, and deletions that have changed the topography of the species' roster. For the benefit of all those interested, here I provide an actualized list of Cuba’s extinct birds reflecting those changes.

This has been the recent topic of an article I have now submitted to an ornithological journal with the hopes that it may aid my peers in understanding the diversity of long-gone Cuban birds. But most especially, my intent has been to divulge in a single compendium an actualized list that reflects those recent changes.

Update: this paper is now published and available at the journal Ornitologia Neotropical here.

Much work it is jet to be done, and with the interesting new deposits being explored and researched in the Greater Antillean island of Hispaniola and The Bahamas, it would not surprise me to see Cuban species, even some of those we today consider endemics, appear in those contexts.


With that said, here is the list:
 
Supercohort: Dinosauria

Class: Aves

Order: Pelecaniformes

Family: Ardeidae Leach, 1820

(Herons and egrets)

Tigrisoma mexicanum Swaison 1834, reported by Olson & Suarez (2008). This is a Tiger-heron.

 

Order: Ciconiiformes

Family: Ciconiidae J. E. Gray, 1840
(Cranes)

Ciconia lydekkeri (Ameghino 1891), is considered a senior synonym of C. maltha (L. Miller 1910:440) by Agnolin (2009).
 
Ciconia sp. This species was mentioned by Suárez & Olson (2003a: 151) .


Mycteria wetmorei Howard 1935: 253. (See Iturralde et al. 2000; Suárez & Olson 2003a).

 

Order: Incertae Sedis or Accipitriformes

Family: Teratornithidae L. Miller, 1909
(large, near flightless terrestrial raptor birds)

Oscaravis olsoni (Arredondo & Arredondo 1999:16) (=Teratornis olsoni) amended and redescribed by Suárez & Olson (2009:106).


Order: Accipitriformes or Cathartiformes

Family: Cathartidae Lafresnaye, 1839
(vultures and condors)

Gymnogyps varonai (Arredondo 1971:310) (=Antillovultur varonai). Amended by Suárez (2000a).

Cathartes sp. 1 or Cathartidae indet. 2. See Suárez (2001c:110).

 

Family: Accipitridae Vieillot, 1816
(hawks and falcons)

Amplibuteo woodwardi (L. Miller 1911:312), reported in Suárez (2004).

Buteo lineatus (Gmelin 1788:268), reported in Suárez & Olson (2003b).

Buteogallus borrasi (Arredondo 1970) =Aquila borrasi Arredondo (1970) amended by Suárez & Olson 2007.

Black-Chested Buzzard Eagle Geranoaetus melanoleucus Swan, 1922:67. Reported by Alexander Wetmore (1928).

Gigantohierax suarezi Arredondo & Arredondo 1999: 10. Now includes specimens previously identified as Aguila borrasi (=Buteogallus borrasi).

Caracara creightoni Brodkorb 1959:353, reported by Suárez & Olson (2003c:306).

Milvago carbo Suárez & Olson (2003:302).

Milvago sp. from Suárez & Arrendondo (1997).

Falco femoralis Temminck 1922:121. This Aplomado falcon was reported by Suárez & Olson (2003b).
 
Aplomado Falcon (Falco femoralis) near the town of Tinke, at the foot of the majestic Ausangate Mountain, Peru.

Falco kurochkini Suárez & Olson 2001a:35.

 

Order: Gruiformes

Family: Gruidae Vigors, 1825
(storks)

Grus cubensis (Fischer & Stephan 1971a:565).

 

Family: Rallidae Rafinesque, 1815

Nesotrochis picapicensis (Fischer & Stephan 1971b:595), revised and amended by Olson (1974). This is an endemic near-flightless Cuban rail. Puerto Rico had a similar species.

 

Order: Charadriiformes

Family: Burhinidae Mathews, 1912

Burhinus sp. reported by Oscar Arredondo (1984). This is another form of water bird called the Double-striped Thick-knee that lives in Central and South America.

 

Family: Scolopacidae Rafinesque, 1815

Gallinago kakuki by Steadman & Takano (2016: 348). Formerly Capella sp. (Suárez 2004a). This is a type of sandpiper or snipe.
 

Order: Psittaciformes

Family:  Psittacidae Rafinesque, 1815

Ara tricolor Bechstein 1811:64 (= A. cubensis of Wetherbee, 1985). The Cuban macaw:  see my previous post on this species here.

 

Family: Tytonidae Ridgway, 1914

Tyto noeli Arredondo 1972a: 416. This species new included Tyto neddi of Steadman & Hilgartner (1999) from Barbuda. This is a large barn owl, like the other species listed below.

Tyto pollens Wetmore 1937:436. This taxon now includes Tyto riveroi Arredondo 1972b: 131. The rarest of all Cuban tytonids, known from a single locality. 

Tyto cravesae Suárez & Olson 2015: 544.

Tyto sp. A small species reported by Suárez & Díaz-Franco (2003: 375).

 

Family: Strigidae Leach, 1820

Bubo osvaldoi Arredondo & Olson 1994:438.

Pulsatrix arredondoi Brodkorb, 1969: 112.

Ornimegalonyx oteroi Arredondo 1958: 11.

Ornimegalonyx acevedoi Arredondo, 1982: 95.

Ornimegalonyx minor Arredondo, 1982: 46.

Ornimegalonyx gigas Arredondo, 1982: 47.

It is likely that all Ornimegalonyx represent a single species. Their size disparity could be due to sexual dimorphism, chrono-temporal or/and individual variation (Alegre 2002).

 

Order: Caprimulgiformes

Family: Caprimulgidae Vigors, 1825

Siphonorhis daiquiri Olson, 1985:528. This is the endemic pauraque or Cuban Poorwill, a species of nightjar.

 

Order: Passeriformes

Family: Rhinocryptidae Wetmore, 1930

Scytalopus sp. reported by Olson and Kurochkin (1987). This is a small passerine bird commonly known as "tapaculo".

 

Family: Icteridae

Dolichonyx kruegeri Fischer & Stephan (1971: 597). This is likely a misidentified specimen of Bobolink (D. oryzivorus), an uncommon transient species in Cuba (Garrido & Kirkconnell 2000: 218).